4.1 Prohibited Means of Warfare

4.1.1 Expanding BulletsThe dum-dum line: the bullets that expand-or-flatten in the body (the 1899 Hague Declaration) — the superfluous-injury logic (the wounds' aggravation without military gain).4.1.2 Poison and Poisoned WeaponsThe oldest prohibition (the Hague's line): the poisoning's absolute bar — the asphyxiating-and- delousing faces; the biological-and-chemical extensions (4.1.3-4.1.4).4.1.3 Chemical WeaponsThe 1925 Geneva Protocol (the gas's prohibition after the WWI's horrors — Nepal a party, the verified record) → the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention (the elimination regime: the destruction, the OPCW's verification; the Syria's use-and-attribution era; the Novichok faces); the riot-control-and-herbicide questions.4.1.4 Biological WeaponsThe 1972 Biological Weapons Convention (the development-production-stockpiling bar — the verification's absence debate); the 1925 Protocol's overlap; the pandemic-era biosecurity faces.4.1.5 Certain Conventional WeaponsThe 1980 CCW (the "inhumane weapons" convention) + its protocols: the non-detectable fragments; the mines-booby-traps (Protocol II); the incendiary weapons (Protocol III — the civilian concentrations' bar); the blinding lasers (Protocol IV — the pre-emptive ban's pride); the ERW protocol (4.1.7).4.1.6 Anti-Personnel MinesThe 1997 Ottawa Convention (the total ban: the production, the stockpiling, the transfer, the use — the ICBL's campaign-and-Prize); the Nepal record (the minefields' laying-and-later-clearance — the peace process's demining; the landmine victims' faces); the hold-outs (the major powers' non- membership).4.1.7 Explosive Remnants of WarThe CCW's Protocol V: the post-conflict debris (the unexploded ordnance, the abandoned munitions) — the clearance's duty, the risk-education,…