5.4 Sample Processing and Steps of DNA Testing Process

1. The sample's receipt (the chain of U2.3 — the evidence's integrity).2. The extraction (the cell's opening — the chemical-and-mechanical methods).3. The quantification (the DNA's measurement — the human-specific).4. The amplification (the PCR — the target loci's million-fold copying).5. The separation-and-detection (the electrophoresis — the fragments' sizing; the genetic analyser's reading).6. The analysis-and-interpretation (the profile's calling; the comparison; the statistics).7. The report (the match-or-exclusion; the random-match probability; the examiner's statement).8. The quality assurance (the controls, the contamination's prevention — the lab's discipline; the accreditation's faces).