9.2 Examination Techniques of Written, Typed and Printed Documents

1. The handwriting's examination: the comparison's base (the known exemplars — the standards' adequacy: the contemporaneous, the sufficient-quantity, the similar-content); the characteristics (the slant, the pressure, the letter's construction-and-connecting strokes, the spacing, the rhythm — the habit's individuality); the process (the side-by-side; the enlargement-and-photography; the infrared-and-UV for the alterations); the conclusion's discipline (the identification-exclusion-inconclusive; the simulation-and-disguise's detection — the forgery's signs: the tremor, the retouching, the pen-lifts).2. The typewriting: the machine's individuality (the typeface's class + the defects' individual — the misalignment, the wear); the ribbon's evidence (the typed-text-and-ribbon match); the correction's faces.3. The printed-and-photocopied: the printer's-and-copier's artefacts (the drum's marks, the toner's chemistry — the machine's identification); the digital documents' faces (the metadata — the creation's-and-modification's trail; the electronic signature questions — the Cyber Law interface, LAW5705).