Discuss (a) S&D treatment

1. The pre-war failure — the protectionist spiral (the 1930s' tariffs-and-devaluations — the depression's trade war).2. The 1944-48 design — the Bretton Woods twins (the IMF-World Bank) + the ITO's plan (the Havana Charter — the trade-and-employment's broad design — the ITO's political stillbirth).3. The GATT 1947 — the provisional survival: the tariffs' negotiation (the eight rounds — the Kennedy-and-Tokyo rounds' faces); the rules' growth (the anti-dumping, the subsidies, the dispute practice).4. The Uruguay Round (1986-94) — the widest negotiation: the services (GATS), the IP (TRIPS), the dispute settlement's revolution (the binding DSU) → the WTO's establishment (1January 1995).5. The WTO era — the membership's expansion (Nepal's accession: 23 April 2004 — the first LDC's accession-through-the-Process; the 147th member); the Doha Round (2001 — the development mandate; the stalemate); the regionalism's rise (the FTAs' web); the Appellate Body's crisis (U6.7's faces).6. The modern agenda — the e-commerce's moratorium-and-negotiations; the plurilateral's revival (the JSIs); the reform debates (the WTO's existential questions).