1.3 Concept of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)

The EPR — the producer's lifecycle duty: the responsibility extending beyond the sale — the post- consumer stage (the take-back, the recycling, the safe disposal). The logic: the waste's cost internalised (the producer designs-for-environment: the recyclability's incentive); the municipality's burden shared. The instruments: the deposit-refund; the take-back schemes; the producer- responsibility organisations (the collective compliance). The Nepal faces: the EPR's introduction in the waste-and-environment frameworks (the plastic's rules — the PET bottles' take-back debates); the implementation's honesty (the informal sector's integration — the recyclers' economy).