The ADR family: the negotiation (the parties' direct dealing); the conciliation-and-meditation (the third party's facilitation); the arbitration (the third party's decision) — the adjudication's alternatives. Nepal's legal frame (the verified map): the Arbitration Act 2055 (the arbitration's framework); the Mediation Act 2068 (2011) (the mediation's framework — the Mediation Council's registration-and-standards); the Civil Procedure Code 2074 (ss. 193-195) (the mandatory mediation attempts in the property-and-family matters — the court-annexed stream); the Local Government Operation Act 2074 (the Judicial Committees' community mediation); the Labour Act 2074's conciliation faces. The three streams (the MediationCouncil's design): the court-annexed (all three court levels), the community (the local committees), the private (the parties' choice). The skills' course (the syllabus's own list):
1.1.1 Communication Skill
The ADR's instrument: the clarity (the message's craft); the assertiveness-without-aggression; the non-verbal's discipline (the tone, the posture, the eye); the cultural sensitivity (the parties' contexts).
1.1.2 Listening Skills
The active listening: the full attention; the paraphrase-and-check ("what I hear you saying is..."); the emotion's acknowledgment; the positions-to-interests' hearing (the needs behind the demand — the Fisher-Ury lesson: listen for the interests behind the positions).
1.1.3 Negotiation Skills
The principled negotiation (Getting to Yes's four: the people-from-the-problem separation; the interests-not-positions; the options-for-mutual-gain; the objective criteria) against the positional bargaining (the concession's dance); the BATNA's discipline (the best alternative's knowledge — the power's real source); the zone-of-possible-agreement (ZOPA) concept.
1.1.4 Issue Identification
The dispute's anatomy: the facts' sorting; the interests' mapping (the parties' underlying needs); the issues' listing (the negotiable-and-non-negotiable); the priorities' ranking — the agenda's construction.
1.1.5 Moderated/Unmoderated Caucus
The caucus: the private session (the mediator's separate meeting with each party — the confidential sounding; the reality-testing; the offer's shuttle) — the moderated (the structured) and the unmoderated (the free) designs; the caucus's craft (the confidentiality's management; the rejoining's report discipline).
1.1.6 Options Generation etc.
The creative phase: the brainstorming (the judgment deferred); the options' expansion before the evaluation (the pie's enlargement — the integrative faces); the objective-criteria testing; the package's assembly (the trades across the issues).