2.2 Fundamental Principles of Administrative Law

2.2.1 Rule of LawThe administration under law (not under men): the legality (the powers' statutory basis — no act without authority); the equality (the law's equal application); the courts' access (the rights' judicial protection) — the Diceyan trio; the Nepal face: the Constitution's preamble-and-Art 1's supremacy (the verified frame).2.2.2 Separation of Power and Check and BalanceThe powers' distribution (the legislative-executive-judicial triad) + the mutual checking (the inter- branch controls) — the administration's place: the executive's core with the quasi-legislative-and- quasi-judicial functions (U3's classifications); the blend's dangers-and-justifications.2.2.3 Principle of Good GovernanceThe administration's quality-standard: the participation, the consensus-orientation, the accountability, the transparency, the responsiveness, the effectiveness-efficiency, the equity, the rule-of-law (the UN's eight indicators — the exam's list); the Nepal agenda (the good-governance acts-and-codes; the management-reform programs).2.2.4 Doctrine of Judicial ReviewThe courts' checking power (the administration's acts measured against the law-and-constitution) — the Nepali machinery: the extraordinary jurisdiction (Arts 133/137); the review's grounds (theillegality, the irrationality, the procedural impropriety — the Wednesbury-to-proportionality line by name); the remedies (U9).2.2.5 Principle of EstoppelThe administration's consistency (the U2.5-of-Evidence's echo): the government's representation binding its own conduct — the Crown's historic immunity vs the modern accountability (the equity's reach into the public law; the limits — no estoppel against the statute).2.2.6 Doctrine of Legitimate ExpectationThe protection of reliance: the administration's practice-or-promise creating the expectation the courts…