2.3 Core International Labour Standards

The fundamentals (the 1998 Declaration's four + the 2022 additions — now the ten fundamental conventions):1. The freedom of association-and-collective bargaining: C87 (1948) + C98 (1949).2. The forced-labour elimination: C29 (1930) + C105 (1957) + the 2014 protocol.3. The child-labour elimination: C138 (1973) + C182 (1999).4. The non-discrimination: C100 (1951) + C111 (1958).5. The 2022 additions: the OSH pair (C155 + C187 — the occupational-safety's fundamental status). The Nepal record (the verified frame): Nepal has ratified the majority — including C98 (1996), C100, C111, C138, C182 — but not C87 (the Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention — the long-pending item, the ITUC's-and-ILO's continuing advocacy); the ratification's implementation debates (the gap-analysis reports; the SEZs' labour-rights exceptions' critiques).