3.1 Constitutionality of Labour Laws

The constitutional anchors: the fundamental rights' face — the labour's rights in the rights catalogue (Art 18's equality-and-remuneration (the verified 18(4): the equal remuneration for the same work); the association (Art 17); the labour's own faces (the employment-and-labour rights of the Part-3 catalogue — the verified Art 33's employment-and-social-security faces); the directiveprinciples' face — Art 51's labour-and-employment policies (the state's duties); theconstitutionality's discipline: the labour statutes tested against the rights (the balance: the business-liberty vs the workers' protections — the proportionality's application in the labour cases).