2.2 The Investigation and Its Papers

The police investigate under the Muluki Criminal Procedure Code, 2074. The investigation file contains the FIR, the arrest memo, the statements of witnesses, the seizure list, the medical or forensic report where relevant, and the accused's statement. Arrested persons have constitutional shields: grounds of arrest must be told (Article 20(1)); counsel of choice from the moment of arrest (Article 20(2)); production before the judicial authority within 24 hours excluding journey time (Article 20(3)); presumption of innocence (Article 20(5)); protection against self-incrimination (Article 20(7)); no torture in detention (Article 22).