4.14 Black Money, Tax Disposal Commission, Avoidance and Evasion

• Black money: unreported wealth — income that escaped the return; its laundering face falls to the Asset (Money) Laundering Prevention Act 2064 (studied in Socio-Economic Crime, LAW5508).• Tax Disposal (Settlement) Commission: ad hoc statutory commissions Nepal has formed by law to settle locked-up disputed tax claims for revenue certainty — with the constitutional caution (from the case law on such commissions) that tax adjudication's core cannot be outsourced beyond constitutional limits; past commissions were time-bound and challenged as to boundary.• Avoidance: arranging affairs to reduce tax within the statute's letter — met by anti-avoidance doctrines (substance over form; transactions lacking commercial substance disregarded under the Act's general anti-avoidance type provisions).• Evasion: fraud on the statute — concealment, false statements, fake documents. Illegal; penal (4.15).