Energy is the capacity to do work — the economy's oxygen. In law's view, energy is: a resource (fuel, water head, sunlight, wind), a service (electricity delivered), and a commodity (traded across borders). Energy law is the body of statutes, treaties, contracts, and regulatory practice governing energy's production, conversion, transmission, distribution, and trade.
Scope: upstream resource rights; licensing and markets; infrastructure and networks; pricing and tariffs; safety and environment; taxation and revenue; cross-border trade and investment; and the transition to clean energy.
Importance: energy decides development (industry, hospitals, schools run on it), sovereignty (dependence versus self-sufficiency), climate (fossil energy drives emissions), and daily dignity (light to study by).