Discuss (c) cross-border PPA

Demand: rising with electrification, urbanization, and (slowly) industrial load; cooking shifting from firewood to LPG; e-mobility arriving at the margin; seasonal peaks (winter heating and dry- season shortages). Supply: the system remains hydropower-dominant with its structural asymmetry — wet-season surplus, dry-season deficit — historically managed by imports from India in winter and (in good wet years) export surplus in monsoon. Traditional biomass still supplies a large household share; solar has grown in rooftops and off-grid; petroleum is fully imported, straining the trade balance.TrendDirectionLegal/institutional responseElectrification (near-universal access drive)UpwardGrid extension; distributed renewablesWet-dry asymmetryStructuralStorage projects; import-export tradeLPG dependence (cooking)StickyClean-cooking policy; electric cooking pushElectric mobilityNascentTariff and charging infrastructure policyIPP growthUpwardLicensing and PPA frameworks