5.2 Relation between Parents and Children (Establishment: Paternity

and Maternity) Maternity — by birth: the mother's identity follows delivery; the birth registration's mother- entry; the unmarried mother's right to register the child in her own name (the Children's Act and the Citizenship Act's protections); Paternity — three routes: - Presumption of legitimacy: the child born in wedlock (or within the presumption's window after divorce/death) — the husband presumed the father; a rebuttable presumption (the impotence/absence/non-access proofs; the DNA era's transformation); - Acknowledgment: the father's voluntary recognition — the birth- registration acknowledgment; the acknowledgment's consequences (maintenance, succession, name); - Judicial determination: the paternity suit — the modern practice's insistence on scientific proof (DNA, blood-grouping) in disputed paternity; the child's legitimacy and maintenance protected pending and regardless of the outcome; The equality note: Article 38(1)'s equal lineage command and citizenship-through-mother — the old father-only descent system's constitutional correction (LAW 304's fundamental-rights frame).