6.5 Nepal Trust Act, 2064 (2008) — The Modern Trust Framework

The modern trust law: the creation and administration of trusts (religious, charitable, educational, social) as legal arrangements — the trust's registration; the trustee's duties (loyalty, prudence, accounting, the no-self-dealing rule); the beneficiary's and the purpose's protection; the state's oversight (the trust's supervision; the recovery/protection of trust property); the public-trust administration's machinery. The architecture's completion: the guthi tradition's general-law companion — guthi (the specific religious endowment, the 2033 Act) and trust (the general institution, the 2064 Act) side by side, with the Civil Code 2074's trust provisions (U4.1) as the private-law base. The critical note: the trust form's modern uses (the NGOs'/institutions' property holding; the endowment governance debates — transparency and the public-benefit enforcement). The Unit's Comparative Frame (the closing table) Statute Year The problemaddressed The method The survivinginstitution Birta Eradication Act 2016 The tax-free elite grants Conversion to raikar — (tenure extinguished) Lands Act 2021 Ceilings, intermediaries, tenancy The reform charter (4 pillars) The ceiling-and-tenancy regime Ukhada Act 2021 The western zamindari tenancy Registration + conversion — (integrated) Guthi Corporation Act 2033 The endowment administration Centralized corporation The Guthi Sansthan Nepal Trust Act 2064 The general trust gap Modern trust law The registered trust Exam Focus Long questions: (i) The Lands Act 2021's four pillars (ceilings, intermediaries, tenancy, survey/records) + the 1997 joint-ownership reform + the critical scorecard; (ii) The…