3.1 Legal Tools Relating to Pollution Control

The control's toolkit: (i) the standards (the emission-and-effluent limits; the ambient-and-quality standards — the media-by-media regulation); (ii) the permits-and-licensing (the discharge permits; the installation consents — the ex-ante control); (iii) the environmental assessment (the EIA/IEE — Unit 2.2.3); (iv) the economic instruments (the pollution charges-and-taxes; the deposit-refund; the tradable permits — the polluter-pays' machinery); (v) the liability regimes (the civil liability for the damage; the cleanup orders; the compensation); (vi) the criminal sanctions (the environmental offences); (vii) the treaties' faces — the chemicals-and-wastes family (the Basel Convention — the hazardous wastes' transboundary movement's control; the Stockholm Convention — the persistent organic pollutants; the Rotterdam Convention — the PIC procedure for the hazardous chemicals; the Minamata Convention — the mercury); the air- quality regimes (the regional treaties; the CLRTAP's long-range faces).