3.2 Conservation of Biodiversity and Endangered Species

The Convention on Biological Diversity (1992): the objectives' trio — the conservation (the in-situ-and-ex-situ), the sustainable use, and the benefit-sharing (the genetic resources); the protocols: Cartagena (the biosafety — the GMOs' transboundary movement), Nagoya (the access-and-benefit-sharing — the genetic resources and the traditional knowledge); the Kunming- Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (2022 — the 30-by-30 target). The species' regimes: CITES (1973) — the wildlife trade's control: the appendices' ladder (I-III by the threat's degree), the permits' machinery, the rhino-tiger-pangolin faces; the migratory species' conventions (the CMS — the Bonn line); the Ramsar Convention (the wetlands — the listing's duty); the IUCN's Red List (the science's standard).