Refugee Law The three regimes' family (the exam's banker): The human-rights foundation: the refugee regime's floor — the HR treaties protect everyone (the refugee included): the CAT's removal-to-torture bar; the ICCPR's removal protections (the arbitrary-deprivation-and-death-penalty risks); the CRC's child-specific faces; the equality-and-detention disciplines. The HR law's contribution: the complementary protection (the protection where the refugee definition fails — Unit 7) and the rights' floor (the treatment standards). The humanitarian-law interface: the armed-conflict regime — the war's refugees (the persecution-in-war's context; the civilian character); the IHL's return-protection family (the occupied-and-protected persons' bars); the camps' humanitarian access (the ICRC-and- UNHCR's division — Unit 6.2); the overlap (the conflict-displacement's dual governance).
The refugee law's speciality: the lex specialis — the refugee's specific status (the definition, the non-refoulement's persecution-focus, the rights' ladder, the durable solutions' machinery — the general regimes' gaps filled). The convergence's modern face: the three regimes' integration — the complementary protection's rise (the HR law absorbing the refugee law's overflow); the mixed-migration era's challenges (the regimes' boundaries' blurring); the conclusion: the refugee law as the special system standing on the HR floor and beside the IHL — the three-pillar structure of the modern protection architecture (the diagram the exam rewards). Exam Focus Long questions: (i) The concept, nature, scope and sources (the full introduction — the unit's banker); (ii) The three regimes' relationship (the triad's craft: the foundation, the interface, the speciality). Short questions: the surrogate-protection theory; the soft-law sources; the lex specialis point. Trick areas: (i) The refugee law is NOT only the 1951 Convention — the sources' six-fold list (the HR treaties + the soft law + the custom); (ii) The refugee definition is the 1951's face but the PROTECTION is broader (the HR floor's complement); (iii) The non- refoulement exists in THREE regimes — the 1951's Art 33, the CAT's Art 3, the IHL's return bars — the multi-source point.