7.2 Subsidiary Protection

The concept: the protection granted to the persons outside the refugee definition but facing the serious harm — the HR-law-based statuses (the complementary protection's codified face). The beneficiaries (the EU's qualification-directive model — the world's clearest codification): (i) the death-penalty-and-execution risks; (ii) the torture-and-inhuman treatment faces (the CAT's Art 3 logic); (iii) the serious-individual-threat from the indiscriminate violence in the armed conflict (the civilian-war-risk — the 1951 definition's escapee). The character: the subsidiary status's thinner rights (vs the refugee status's fuller package — the welfare-and-family faces' difference); the non-refoulement's core shared (the removal's bar). The bases' family: the CAT's protection (the absolute torture bar); the ICCPR's faces (the Arts 6-7 risks); the ECHR's Art 3-8 jurisprudence (the medical-and-family cases); the humanitarian-status practice (the states' discretionary labels) — the general category: the complementary protection (the subsidiary's wider family).