8.2 Situation of Refugees in Nepal (the populations' catalogue)

The Tibetan refugees: the first modern wave (the 1959-and-after arrivals — the thousands; the settlements' establishment); the generations' problem (the Nepal-born children's documentation — the ID-cards' non-renewal issues; the residence papers' narrowing — the settled-but-paperless community); the 1989-era newcomers' handling (the transit-era's arrival); the present: the long-settled population's quiet uncertainty (the third-generation's status questions); The Bhutanese refugees (the Lhotshampas): the 1990s exodus (the ethnic-citizenship- stripping — the Bhutan's One-Nation policy's expulsion faces); the camps (the Jhapa-Morang seven camps; the 100,000-plus peak); the verification-and-deadlock (the joint-machinery's stall); the third-country resettlement (2007 onward) — the 100,000-plus resettled (the world's landmark program); the residual population (the remaining families; the reunification claims); the 2023 fake-refugees scandal: the fraud's exposure (the non-Bhutanese passed- off-as-refugees-for-money; the politicians-and-officials' prosecution — the accountability's public drama); The "UNHCR mandate refugees": the urban caseload (the Kathmandu's few-hundred — the Somali-Iraqi-Pakistani-and-others); the mandate's basis (Nepal's 1951-non-party status → the UNHCR's mandate-RSD — the certificates' practice); the government's toleration (the stay's practical accommodation); the detention cases' line (the Supreme Court's jurisprudence — the non-refoulement's judicial recognition in the detained-mandate-refugee cases (the released-on- protection-grounds pattern — the court's mandamus practice; the line's significance: the customary principle's domestic absorption without the treaty)); The Rohingya transits: the Myanmar-origin movement's faces (the third-country-route transits; the detention-population's presence — the undocumented-and-mixed flows); the protection's gaps (the mandate-RSD's…