2.6 Sociological Theory (the menu)

The Chicago school — social disorganisation (Shaw-and-McKay): the zone's ecology (the city's delinquency areas — the neighbourhood's breakdown: the poverty + the mobility + the heterogeneity = the disorganisation); the community's decline as the crime's soil; Anomie-strain (Merton): the goals-means gap (Unit 2.5's face — the five adaptations' table: conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, rebellion); Differential association (Sutherland): the criminal behaviour's learning (the intimate groups' definitions favourable to law-violation — the white-collar crime's extension); Social learning (Akers): the imitation-and-reinforcement (the differential association's behaviourist refinement); Social control-bond (Hirschi): the conformity's question inverted — not "why the crime?" but "why not?" — the four bonds (attachment, commitment, involvement, belief): the bonds' weakness = the delinquency's opening; Labelling theory (Becker, Lemert): the societal-reaction's criminogenesis (the primary deviation's label → the secondary deviation's career — the stigma's self-fulfilling prophecy; the criminal record's Nepal face); Conflict-and-critical theories: the crime's definition as the power's product (the law- making's politics — whose interests?); the feminist criminology (the gender's blindness corrected — the female offender's-and-victim's hidden world; LAW 413's bridge); The life-course-developmental theories (Sampson-and-Laub): the criminal career's trajectory (the onset-persistence-desistance; the turning points — the marriage-and-work's reform power). The synthesis' craft (the exam's closing): no single theory — the multi- factor reality (the biology + the psychology + the social structure + the situation); the theories' historical ladder as…