6.3 Sentencing Policy of Nepal

The statutory framework (the modern policy's codification): The Muluki Criminal Code 2074 — the offence-by-offence penalty ranges (the minimum- and-maximum faces; the mandatory minimums' careful use; the fine-and-imprisonment's combinations); The Criminal Offences (Determination of Sentences and Execution) Act 2074 — the sentencing's systematic statute (the exam's core): (i) the sentencing hearing's discipline (the separate stage; the parties' hearing); (ii) the purposes-and-grounds the court must weigh (the retribution-deterrence-reformation's statutory blend; the proportionality's principle); (iii) the aggravating-and-mitigating factors' enumeration (the cruelty-and-vulnerability vs the youth-and-repentance type faces); (iv) the fixed-term life imprisonment's operationalisation (the life's 20-to-25-year face; the whole-life's exception for the gravest); (v) the first-offender's leniency principles; (vi) the alternatives' machinery (the community service, the probation, the parole, the open custody — Unit 5.3's faces); (vii) the execution-and-remission rules (the sentence's administration; the release's conditions); The juvenile's separate policy — the Children's Act 2075 (the diversion-first; the custody-as- last-resort; the child's reintegration's aim); The judicial-craft layer — the Supreme Court's sentencing jurisprudence: the individualisation's cases (the Shanti B.K. line — the life-to-five-years' mitigation for the abandoned mother's infanticide — Unit 7.5); the prisoners'-rights cases (the Bagchand-and- Jung Bahadur Singh line — the sentence's humane execution, the conjugal-and-family faces — Unit 7's world). The policy's principles (the summary's craft): the proportionality's anchor + the individualisation's craft + the reform's priority + the alternatives'…