10.3 Mahakali

The treaty (the Mahakali Treaty, 1996 — the integrated regime): the third era's instrument (the Sharada-the Tanakpur-and-the Pancheshwar consolidated — the "integrated development" of the Mahakali's waters). The components (the exam's list): The Sharada component: the 1920 treaty acknowledged (the Sharada barrage's history: the land's exchange (~4,000 acres ceded for the barrage — the "water-for-land" colonial-era pattern); the Nepal's water share confirmed (the 4,000-cusecs-type entitlement); The Tanakpur component: the 1991 understanding regularised (the embankment-and- powerhouse; Nepal's benefits — the water-and-power entitlements (the 10-cusecs-and-70- million-units-type figures — the hedged citations); the adjoining land's lease for the pondage); The Pancheshwar component (the treaty's heart): the Pancheshwar Multipurpose Project — the EQUAL SHARE principle (the water-and-benefits shared equally — Nepal's equality recognised (the historic first)); the joint project (the Mahakali River Commission to be constituted — the details by the Commission; the project's power division (the equal-units principle)). The ratification story (the constitutional landmark): the treaty's challenge — Bal Krishna Neupane vs. Council of Ministers et al. (NKP 2053, No. 3, p. 310) and Bal Krishna Neupane vs. Council of Ministers et al. (NKP 2054, No. 2, p. 77) — the Supreme Court's holdings (the treaty's importance: the then-Constitution's ratification frame — the two-thirds majority's requirement for the important long-term treaties; the Mahakali's parliamentary ratification by the two-thirds vote following the judgment; the…