7.2 Right of Access of Landlocked States to and from the Sea and

Freedom of Transit The access-and-transit regime (UNCLOS's craft — the unit's core): (1) the right of access: the landlocked states' right to access the sea (the ships' use of the ports; the access through the transit states' territories); (2) the freedom of transit: the landlocked states' freedom of transit through the transit states' territories (the traffic-in-transit's free passage — the most- favoured-transit treatment's faces) — exercised per the AGREEMENTS between the landlocked and the transit states (the bilateral-and-regional arrangements: the terms, the facilities, the customs' procedure); (3) the ships' flag right: the landlocked states' right to fly their own flags (the ships' nationality — the sea-borne trade under the mountain flag); (4) the equal treatment in the ports (the most-favoured-nation's port treatment). The instruments' lineage (the access law's history): the Barcelona Convention and Statute on Freedom of Transit 1921 (the League-era classic — the transit's codification's first; the syllabus's own reading: the "Barcelona Convention - 1921" of the rivers unit's list); the Convention on Transit Trade of Land-locked States 1965 (the New York convention — the access's second generation); the UNCLOS 1982's Part X (the regime's modern consolidation); the WTO's faces (the GATT Article V-type transit freedom — the trade law's companion); the 2010s' global frame: the Vienna Programme of Action for the Landlocked Developing Countries (the UN's development track…