7.3 Rights of Geographically Disadvantaged States

The GDS rights (the UNCLOS's provisions): the participation in the region's EEZ surpluses (the same Article-69-type regime as the landlocked — Unit 5.4: the surplus's sharing by agreement); the shelf's neighbouring faces (the subregional-and-regional cooperation's duty); theISA's participation (the Authority's organs' representation — the landlocked-and-GDS seats). The practice's honesty: the GDS category's thin use (the negotiations' politics — the coastal states' reluctance; the surplus's rarely-shared reality) — the rights' existence and their exercise's gap (the doctrine's critical essay). Exam Focus Long questions: (i) The access-and-transit regime (the four heads + the instruments' lineage — the banker and Nepal's own question); (ii) The LLS-GDS comparison (the categories' craft). Short questions: the Barcelona Convention 1921; the flag right; the 1965 Convention; the Vienna Programme. Trick areas: (i) The transit freedom operates THROUGH AGREEMENTS with the transit states (the bilateral craft) — not unilaterally (the "free transit = automatic" error); (ii) The landlocked may sail its OWN flag (the theoretical fleet — the often-missed right); (iii) The GDS is a COASTAL state (the category's surprise) — the landlocked's opposite; (iv) Nepal's transit practice = the India treaties' routes (the ports' names the exam's currency).