2 Conspiratorial politics

Rana rule reproduced at the top the insecurity it had exploited at the start. Ranaudip Singh's assassination in 1885 brought Bir Shumsher to power through a plot of the younger generation; Bir was then pushed out by his brothers; Chandra Shumsher consolidated by removing rivals, by exiling the "C" class Ranas from the roll of succession, and by presenting himself abroad as a moderniser. The 1923 treaty with British India recognised Nepal's internal independence and replaced the earlier arrangement, but the household structure of power did not change.