2.3.1 Legislation

• Meaning: the making of law by a competent authority in the form of an enacted, written command — in a democracy, principally the legislature.• Kinds:supreme legislation (by the sovereign law-making body itself — Acts of Nepal's federal parliament; provincial acts within provincial competence; also ordinances, which the executive promulgates under constitutional conditions when parliament is not in session) vs subordinate/delegated legislation (rules, regulations, by-laws made under a parent Act's authority — the vast daily output: the Rules under the Codes, directives of the Nepal Rastra Bank, local laws of the 753 governments — each with a constitutional and statutory anchor, and each reviewable for exceeding the delegation).• Merits (write three): certainty and publicity; prospectivity and clarity; capacity for rapid, deliberate change; democratic authorship (in a republic, legislation carries the people's mandate).• Demerits: rigidity and gaps (no legislature foresees all cases); excessive delegation risk; volume and overlap.• Nepal: the constitutional sequence — Bill → passage by both federal houses → assent → Act; the annual flood of Acts, amendments and Rules; the Ordinance route and its controversies; and the standing constitutional rule that laws inconsistent with the Constitution are void — legislation is supreme only beneath the Constitution.