3 Separate Family Court or the Existing System for Family Issues?

Nepal's current architecture (the exam's core): 1. The existing system's family features: the district courts' family benches (the specialized-bench design — designated judges for family cases); the conciliation-first mandate (the Code 2074's reconciliation stage in matrimonial cases; the mediation institutions); the in-camera-and-privacy practice (the procedural adaptations); the Supreme Court's-and-High Courts' appellate supervision of family law's doctrinal consistency (Units 2–6's jurisprudence); 2. The local-level addition: the Judicial Committees (Article 217 of the Constitution; the Local Government Operation Act 2074's dispute list — the maintenance-and-small-family-dispute jurisdiction at the ward-and-municipal level: the Deputy-Mayor-convened committees) — the decentralization's answer (and its capacity-and-independence questions — Units 3–4); 3. The separate-family-court debate: - For: specialization's quality; the integrated one-file family proceedings; the backlog-and-delay's cure; the comparative lessons (below); the child- friendly infrastructure; - Against: the resource reality (the new tiers' cost in a court system already stretched); the fragmentation risks (the forum-splitting between committees-and- courts); the bench-within-the-district-court as the proportional middle path (the "family division" rather than the separate building); - The constitutional frame: Article 127's three- court structure (Supreme Court–High Court–District Court — Constitutional Law-II, this semester, Unit 6) with the specialized-court option of Article 152 ("the law may establish... specialized courts... for the purpose of hearing cases of special types and nature" — with the no-case-specific-court bar) — the family court's constitutional doorway; -…