9.1 Brief Overview of International and National Labour Movement

1. The international movement's line: the combination's prohibition (the 18th-19th centuries' criminalisation — the conspiracy's doctrine) → the legality's struggle (the 1824-25 British Combination Acts' repeal lore; the collective age) → the consolidation (the national centres; the internationals (the trade-union internationals' line)); the ILO's institutionalisation (U2); the modern crisis-and-renewal (the decline-and-density debates; the global-union federations' supply-chain faces). 2. The Nepali movement's line: the pre-1951 faces (the nascent-and-suppressed organisations); the 1951's opening (the unions' legal birth); the Panchayat era's controls (the government-sponsored structures — the ANEF's lineage); the 1990's revolution (the independent unions' explosion — the federations' multiplicity; the politicisation-and- fragmentation); the conflict era's turmoil; the modern face (the federations' party-alignments; the informal-and-migrant organising's challenge — the movement's unfinished agenda).