4 Nepal

The Competition Promotion and Market Protection Act is the core statute: it prohibits agreements that restrict competition, the abuse of a dominant position, and combinations that harm competition, and it creates a regulator with investigative and penal powers. The Act also addresses unfair trade practices and misleading advertising, which is where it meets consumer protection. Its practical difficulties are the same everywhere: defining the market, obtaining evidence of an agreement made orally, and building a regulator independent of the firms it regulates.