6 B. The factors behind the reforms (the syllabus's core question)

1. Political crisis and the need for order — the post-raid anarchy (Khasa and other inroads, weak kings, noble feuds) demanded a stabilising framework; a new ruler without deep dynastic legitimacy needed normative legitimacy — law-giving as throne-building.2. Social disarray — the Valley's population had grown heterogeneous (Newar guilds and castes, immigrants, fugitive aristocrats from Mithila); statuses and disputes outgrew custom: a classification of society was needed to allocate duties and dues.3. Mithila's institutional influence — the Simraungadh/Karnata connection (his marriage- alliance) brought Maithili court culture and written legal learning into the Valley — diffusion of a literate juristic tradition.4. Revenue needs of the state — systematic taxation requires measurement: land classification, standard weights and measures (mana-pati), and fixed dues serve an administrative state, not merely a ritual one.5. Legitimation of hierarchy — the code entrenched the varna-jati framework in urban Nepal: law as the machine for mapping persons to functions.6. Royal authority as final interpreter — the king above the jurists: codification centralised justice (an old story in legal history: he who codifies, rules).