4.2 Types of Socialization

TypeWhat it isNepali illustrationPrimaryThe foundational socialization of infancy/ childhood within the family — the world of unconditional belonging; mother-tongue, basic trust, first normsA child in a Parbat village learning speech, jutho rules, respect vocabularies (didi, dai, hajurba) from grandparentsSecondarySocialization into the wider, stratified world beyond the family — school, work; performance, not belonging, is the currencyThe same child at a Kathmandu campus learning "objective exams, CGPAs, CVs" — a different grammar of worthAnticipatoryRehearsing a role before holding it — learning the future in advanceA law student mooting, interning at a court, "thinking like a lawyer" before ever being one — legal education is anticipatory socialization by designResocializationThe deliberate replacement of an old normative world with a new one — the machinery of the total institution (Goffman's term: places that control all of life — barracks, prisons, monasteries, boarding schools), with their "mortification of self"Army training at a chhauni; prison ("sudhaar griha"); the monastery's novice; — and, in a softer key, the labour migrant to the Gulf, resocialized into industrial time-discipline, then resocialized back on return to a village that now reads as strange