5.5 Civil Procedure

UK: claim form → defence (with pre-action protocols encouraging early exchange; "cards on the table") → allocation (small claims/fast track/multi-track) → disclosure of documents → trial → enforcement; costs follow the event (loser pays — a settlement lever unknown in the same strength in Nepal); ADR actively encouraged. Nepal: plaint → notice/summons to defendant → written defence → framing of issues → evidence stage (documents and witnesses under the Evidence Act 2031) → hearing → decree → execution (execute through the court itself) — under the Civil Procedure Code 2074; appeal ladder as in 5.3; court-annexed mediation and theArbitration Act 2055 as alternatives. Vocabulary:plaintiff, defendant, pleadings, cause of action,limitation, interim order, injunction, decree, execution.