The classic four (learn with critiques — full development in Jurisprudence-II):
1. Labour theory (Locke): ownership earned by mixing labour with nature — the tiller's title; critique: unclear mixing, and used historically to dispossess customary users;
2. Utilitarian theory (Bentham): property is law's creation, justified by the security of expectation it produces — "property and law are born together, and die together"; the theory of most modern property legislation (registration, limitation, reform);
3. Personality theory (Hegel): property as the external sphere of the will — the person embodied in things; critique: moving for heirlooms, unconvincing for share portfolios;
4. Bundle-of-rights/positivist analysis (Hohfeld; Honoré's incidents): property as decomposable legal relations that statute can split and recombine — lease, mortgage, easement as separated sticks; the working theory of this entire course.