3 Major Fundamental Rights in the Constitution of Nepal (Arts 16–46)

The architecture: Part 3 (Arts 16–48) — the numbered, justiciable core:1. Right to live with dignity (Article 16): every person's dignity; the capital-punishmentbar (16(2)) — "no law shall be made for capital punishment" (Criminal Law-II's companion, Semester 4); the dignity right as the interpretive umbrella of the whole Part (the Court's expansion doctrine's base);2. Right to freedom (Article 17): personal liberty (17(1)) and the six freedoms (17(2)): expression and opinion; peaceful assembly without arms; forming political parties; unions and associations; movement and residence; occupation, employment, industry and trade — each with reasonable-restriction provisos (17(3)–(8): nationality-sovereignty, communal harmony, contempt, defamation, public morality...);3. Right to equality (Article 18): equality before law and equal protection (18(1)); non- discrimination in the application of general laws (18(2) — the grounds list: origin, religion, race, caste, tribe, sex, physical condition, disability, health condition, matrimonial status, pregnancy, economic condition, language, geographical region, ideology); state non-discrimination (18(3)) with the affirmative-action proviso (special provisions for women, Dalits, Adivasi Janajati, Madhesi, Tharu, Muslims, minorities, marginalized groups, peasants, laborers, youth, children, senior citizens, sexual minorities, disabled persons, and backward regions and financially deprived citizens including Khas Arya); equal remuneration (18(4)); equal parental-property rights (18(5) — Family Law's anchor, this semester);4. Right to communication (Article 19): no prior censorship; no closure, seizure or registration-cancellation of media outlets (the electronic-media clause); no obstruction…