5 Remedies for the Enforcement of Fundamental Rights

1. The remedies right (Article 46): the right to constitutional remedy pursuant to Articles133 or 144 — the constitutionalized ubi jus ibi remedium;2. The Supreme Court's extraordinary jurisdiction (Article 133(2)-(3)): for enforcement of the Part-3 rights (and any other legal right with no other remedy, or an inadequate or ineffective one, and public-interest constitutional/legal questions) — the power to issue thefive writs: habeas corpus, mandamus, certiorari, prohibition and quo warranto (Unit 6's anatomy);3. The High Courts' parallel jurisdiction (Article 144): the same writ powers within the provinces — federalism's decentralized rights-enforcement;4. The District Courts' role (Article 151): habeas corpus and prohibitory-order petitions at the first rung;5. The writs' one-line functions (memorize): habeas corpus (produce the detained body — liberty against illegal custody); mandamus (command a public duty's performance); certiorari (quash the lower forum's excess); prohibition (stop the pending excess); quo warranto (by what authority does the office-holder hold office);6. Public-interest litigation: Article 133(2)'s "dispute of public interest or concern" basis — the relaxed locus standi of the Nepali PIL tradition (the Court's practice since the 1990 Constitution era: the letter-petitions and any-concerned-person standing; the Prakash-Mani-Sharma-line's legacy by name, without invented case detail); the SC's residual role as the rights' ultimate guardian (Article 128(2): the final interpretive power — Article 128(3)'s binding precedent);7. The enforcement critique for the exam: the statute-dependent…