1. Procedural-with-substantive faces — the adjectival law (serving the rights) but with substantive consequences (the burden's allocation, the privileges — the outcomes' drivers).
2. The court's discipline — the law of evidence excludes more than it admits (the irrelevance's noise, the unfairness's traps — the rules as the filters).
3. The fact-finder's servant — the law shapes the trial's truth-finding (the oral-and- documentary machinery).
4. The adversarial frame — the parties' proof (the common-law inheritance) with the court's increasing management (the inquisitorial borrowing).
5. The legality's face — the proof's methods regulated (the illegally-obtained evidence's debates; the fundamental-rights layer — the Human Rights course's interface).