1. Justice's foundation — no rights without remedies, no remedies without proof: the evidence is the judgment's raw material.
2. The innocent's protection — the standards-and-rules guard against error (the burden's rational allocation; the hearsay's exclusion).
3. The dispute's narrowing — the issues defined, the proof targeted (the efficiency's face).
4. The fairness's discipline — the trial's level field (the cross-examination's right; the privilege's protections).
5. The predictability — the lawyers' advice (the case's worth measured by the proof's law).