1. The digital transformation — the digital evidence's ubiquity (the devices, the platforms, the cloud — U4.3).
2. The scientific evidence's rise — the DNA, the fingerprints, the toxicology (the forensic era — LAW5510).
3. The AI's arrival — the algorithmic tools (the face recognition, the deepfake detection-and- threat — U4.3.7).
4. The human-rights convergence — the exclusionary-rule debates (the tortured confession's exclusion — the international standards), the fair-trial guarantees (the Evidence Law's constitutional layer).
5. The procedural modernisation — the video-conference testimony, the court's case management, the ADR's evidentiary faces.
6. The cross-border proof — the MLA machinery (U7), the e-evidence's international challenges.