8.1 Digital Trade and Blockchain-Based Trade Documentation

1. The digital trade's rise — the goods-to-data shift (the e-commerce's scale; the digitally- delivered services); the pandemic's acceleration.2. The rules' gaps-and-growth — the WTO's e-commerce moratorium (the customs-duty-free- digital-transmission's freeze — the renewal politics); the JSI on e-commerce (the plurilateral negotiation); the digital-trade chapters of the FTAs (the CPTPP-USMCA's depth); the data-flow- and-localisation debates (the free-flow vs the sovereignty's demands).3. The blockchain documentation — the paper's liberation: the electronic bills of lading (the title's digital problem — the possession's legal fiction resolved by the registries-and-ledgers); the smart contracts (the self-executing terms — the trade-finance automation); the platforms' practice (the trade-lens-and-the-others' experiments); the law's adaptation (the MLETR — the UNCITRAL's electronic-transferable-records model — the domestic implementation's wave).4. The Nepal faces — the e-commerce's growth (the payment rails' leap); the Digital Framework's-and-ETA 2063's limits (the e-documents' recognition — the modernisation's agenda); the traders' digital readiness.