8.2 ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) Standards in Global Trade

1. The ESG-trade's integration — the trade's sustainability turn: the carbon-adjustment borders (the EU's CBAM — the embedded-carbon's levy: the developing exporters' challenge — Nepal's faces in the garments-and-steel futures); the due-diligence laws (the supply-chains' human-rights-and-environment duties — the German-EU models; the exporters' compliance cascade).2. The labels-and-certifications — the voluntary standards' force (the fairtrade-organic-FSC faces); the standards-as-barriers debates (the TBT's intersection — U6.4).3. The plurilateral's faces — the trade-and-environment discussions (the fossil-fuel-subsidy reform; the environmental-goods agreements' attempts).4. The development's contest — the green-conditionality's fairness (the common-but- differentiated responsibilities' echo — the climate-law interface).