3.3 Historical Development of Labour Legislation in Nepal

1. The early faces — the 1950s' beginnings: the factories' small-scale legislation (the industrial employment's first rules); the 2016-2017 B.S. era's plantations-and-mines acts lore.2. The 2048 revolution — the post-1990 democratic era's codification: the Labour Act 2048 (the comprehensive framework) + the Trade Union Act 2048 (the unions' freedom); the Factory-and-Farmworkers' earlier acts' absorption.3. The conflict era's turbulence — the industrial relations' politicisation (the unions' fragmentation; the closures).4. The 2074 modernisation — the Labour Act 2074 (2017): the consolidation-and- modernisation (the employment's forms; the working-conditions' standards; the disputes' machinery; the OSH's elevation); the Social Security Act 2074 (the contributory scheme's arrival — the historic first); the Labour Rules 2075; the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 2056 (the specialised child statute); the Bonus Act's world (the profit-sharing's old regime absorbed).5. The federal era's questions — the three-level labour functions (the concurrent faces); the informal-sector's challenge (the economy's 80%-plus informality — the law's reach's honest audit); the foreign employment's parallel world (the Foreign Employment Act 2064 — the migration's own statute).