4.3 International Commitments (SDGs, NDC, Net-Zero)

• SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy) — the energy goal within the 2030 Agenda; Nepal's SDG localization tracks access, renewables' share, and efficiency.• NDC (nationally determined contributions): Nepal's Paris pledges — including renewable- energy generation targets and e-mobility ambitions (the specific percentages live in the NDC documents and are updated; read them as moving targets).• Net-zero: Nepal has announced a mid-century-decade-earlier net-zero ambition (by the mid-2040s in its stated long-term strategy) — a pledge riding on hydro, forest sinks, and clean cooking. The lawyer's note: these are policy commitments, not directly enforceable rights — but they legislate into tariffs, codes, and project approvals, and courts meet them as planning facts.