7.1 Constitutional Provisions

• Article 51(7) (state policies — natural resources): the state shall mobilize natural resources for the national interest, keep environmental sustainability in mind, give priority to waterresources' development including energy generation, irrigation, and navigation, promote renewable energy, and protect the environment — the sector's policy charter. Its intergenerational phrasing ("the interests of future generations") carries Unit 3's sustainability principle into the constitutional text.• Article 25 (property): acquisition and requisition only in public interest, with compensation basis and procedure by statute — the energy-infrastructure land question's constitutional floor.• Article 57 (power lists): energy-related competences distributed among the federation, provinces, and local levels under the schedules' allocations — hydropower development operating in practice at the federal end of the spectrum.• Article 60 (fiscal): revenue-source distribution among the three tiers — electricity royalties' sharing being the sector's fiscal-federal live wire.• Article 133(2) (writ/PIL): the jurisdiction through which the sector's public-interest litigation arrives (the prescribed cases below).