Unit 2: The International and Regional Legal Framework for Refugee Protection
2.1 Overview of the International and Regional Legal Framework
2.1.1 The 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol
The Convention (the regime’s cornerstone): the definition (the 1A(2) elements (U1.3)); the cessation (the 1C grounds: the voluntary-reavailment-repatriation-change faces); the exclusion (the 1D-E-F: the protection-elsewhere; the serious-crimes; the UN-crimes — U3.3); the non-penalisation (the 31); the non-refoulement (the 33 (2.2.1)); the rights’ escalation (the 1951’s progressive-rights ladder: the treatment-not-less-favourable + the national-treatment faces (U4)); the 1967 Protocol’s universalisation.
2.1.2 The Organization of African Unity Convention of 1969
The African regime: the expanded definition (the objective circumstances (U1.3)); the burden-sharing’s first treaty face (the asylum’s grant-with-burden-on-international-community duty); the mass-influx faces (the prima facie practice (U3.2)); the OAU→AU’s institutional succession.
2.1.3 Cartagena Declaration of 1984
The Latin-American soft law: the expanded definition (the generalised-violence-and-massive-violations); the non-binding influence (the domestic adoptions’ line (the Latin-American laws’ incorporation)); the 30-year-and-10-year declarations’ reaffirmation line (the Cartagena+30/+40’s faces).
2.1.4 Council of Europe: European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedom, 1950
The ECHR’s role: the refugee protection through the general rights (the Art 3 (the removal-to-torture’s absolute bar — the refugee law’s backstop); the Art 8 (the family); the Art 5 (the detention)); the ECtHR’s jurisprudence (the prescribed cases’ cluster — the Chahal-and-Hirsi faces of 2.2.1); the non-asylum-specific instrument’s powerful complement.
2.1.5 AALCO’s Bangkok Principles on the Status and Treatment of Refugees of 1966
The Asian face: the Asian-African Legal Consultative Organization’s principles (the refugee definition (the 1951-type + the objective faces); the non-refoulement-and-asylum’s affirmation); the non-binding status (the Asia’s no-binding-regime reality — the Nepal context’s relevance (U6)); the 2001-updated faces (the reaffirmation-and-modernisation).
2.1.6 New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants, 2016 and the Global Compact on Refugees, 2018
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