Unit 3: Laws and Regulating Institutions of Different Sectors of Mass Media
3.1 Commercial Television
The broadcast’s TV face: the licensing frame (the National Broadcasting Act 2049 (the broadcast-licensing statute (the Broadcasting Regulation 2052’s detail)); the license’s conditions (the fee-and-duration; the content’s obligations (the news-and-advertisement ratios)); the foreign-investment caps; the transmission’s technical frame (the frequency-allocation (the spectrum’s state-ownership (the MoCST-and-NTA-type division))); the pay-TV-and-distribution (the cable’s regulation faces); the compliance’s faces (the renewal-and-revocation (the Art 19’s cancellation-bar’s constitutional discipline (U2.2))).
3.2 Commercial Radio
The radio’s world: the FM’s licensing (the Act-2049’s FM-license regime (the community-vs-commercial classification (the fee’s differentiations)); the content’s conditions (the news-broadcast’s history (the FM-news-ban era’s famous face (the 2005-and-earlier restrictions (the post-2015 liberalisation))); the music-and-advertising rights (the copyright’s licence faces (U5’s link)); the community-radio’s special character (the public-service mission (the community-broadcast policy’s faces)); the online-radio’s border question (the streaming’s regulation-or-not (the digital ambiguity)).
3.3 Newspapers and Magazine
The print’s regime: the registration’s model (the Press and Publication Act 2048‘s world (the registrar-and-the-registration (the title’s approval)); the print’s lighter-touch logic (the no-licensing (the registration-only) principle (the Art-19’s design tolerance)); the editor’s responsibility (the editor-publisher-printer’s liability triangle (the imprint’s duty (the name-and-address publication))); the Working Journalists Act 2051 (the journalists’ terms (the appointment-and-conditions (the profession’s floor (U2.2’s link)))); the import-export faces (the foreign-publications’ entry rules); the state-press relations (the Gorkhapatra’s state-ownership (the public-media question (the transformation debates))).
3.4 Advertisement and Cinemas
- The advertisement (the commercial speech): the Advertisement (Regulation) Act 2019 B.S. (1963) (the oldest frame (the advertisement’s regulation’s statutory floor (the misleading-and-obscene faces (the ban lists (the drugs-and-vice products)))); the sector’s codes (the broadcasting-advertising directives (the time-and-content limits)); the consumer-protection link (the false-advertising’s Consumer Protection Act 2075 faces (the LAW5505-companion)); the self-regulation’s faces (the advertising-associations’ codes).
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