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Unit 6: Global and Regional Measures in Poverty Reduction
6.1 Role of the World Bank in Poverty Reduction
The Bank’s poverty-mission (the mandate’s evolution): the reconstruction’s origin (the Bretton-Woods 1944) → the poverty’s explicit (the 1970s’ McNamara-turn (the basic-needs era)) → the Washington-consensus’s 1980s (the adjustment’s decade (the critique’s rise)) → the poverty’s re-centering (the 1990s-and-after (the PRSP-line (the country-ownership’s turn)); the twin-goals (the 2013’s frame (the extreme-poverty’s end-by-2030 + the shared-prosperity (the bottom-40’s growth))). The instruments: the IDA’s soft-window (the grants-and-credits (the poorest’s access (the Nepal’s IDA-history))); the IBRD’s loans; the DPOs (the development-policy-operations (the budget-support (the conditions’ face (the LAW5608-U2.3’s critique)))); the knowledge-bank’s role (the reports-and-the-standards (the poverty-line’s own custodianship (the $-line’s definitional power))). The Nepal record: the decades’ portfolio (the roads-and-the-power (the poverty’s project-lending)); the PAF’s co-financing era (the U2.2’s face); the PforR-and-the-RBF’s newer faces.
6.2 Role of IMF in Poverty Reduction
The Fund’s macro-mandate: the stability’s guardian (the surveillance-and-the-rows (the Article-IV’s periodic (the fiscal-monetary’s advice))); the lending’s programs (the ECF’s concessional line (the poverty-reduction-and-growth’s successor (the PRGT’s world (the extended-credit’s Nepal-era lore (the 1980s’-and-beyond programs)))); the debt-relief’s participation (the HIPC-and-MDRI (the multilateral’s cancellation (the developing’s debt-face (the U2-LAW5608’s depth)))). The poverty-relevance: the macro-stability-as-pro-poor argument (the growth’s foundation) vs the austerity’s critique (the social-spending’s squeeze (the conditionality’s poverty-impact debate (the exam’s balance))); the Fund’s social-floor’s evolution (the spending-floors’ protection (the newer programs’ design)).
6.3 Role of the UN GA in Poverty Reduction
The Assembly’s poverty-line (the normative’s flood):
- The declarations: the Development-Decades’ series (the 1960s-start (the international-development-strategy’s era)); the Right-to-Development Declaration 1986 (the U3.1.7’s depth); the Millennium Declaration (the 2000’s MDG’s birth (the U5.1)); the 2030-Agenda’s adoption (the 2015’s SDG (the U5.2)); the SDG’s summits (the follow-ups (the 2023’s midpoint’s stocktake)).
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