Unit 5: Legal Profession — History of Legal Profession in Nepal (including Notary Public); Legal Education in Nepal; Nepal Bar Council (Founding and Successive Reforms; Nepal Bar Council Act 2050 BS; Rules of Professional Code of Conduct of Legal Practitioners 2079 BS/2023); Nepal Bar Association (History; Supreme Court Bar, High Court Bar, District Court Bar); Legal Aid (Legal Aid Act 2054 BS; Legal Aid Rules 2055 BS)
1. History of Legal Profession in Nepal
- The pre-profession era: the Rana-and-earlier courts without an independent bar — the parties’ self-pleading; the muktiyars and munsifs‘ assistance; the state’s functionaries as the only legal actors;
- The profession’s birth (the 1950s): the 2007-era courts’ opening; the early pleaders-and-advocates (the first generation’s pioneering names — the profession’s oral-history pantheon); the courts’ own licensing-and-discipline (the certification-and-enrolment practice before the statutory councils); the growth with the 2015-and-2019 constitutions’ court structures;
- The modern profession: the 2047 era’s expansion (the constitutional litigation’s boom; the corporate-and-transactional bar’s rise with the 1990s’ liberalization); the profession’s scale (the thousands-of-advocates era; the senior-advocate designation); the profession’s institutionalization (the Council-and-Association’s current architecture — below);
- Notary Public (the profession’s documentary wing): the history — the likhandas (the traditional scribes-and-document-writers: the deeds’ craft before the formal institution); the modern design: the Notary Public Act 2063 (2006) — the notary’s statutory office: the certification-and-attestation of documents, the translations’ certification, the signatures-and-photos’ verification; the licensing by the Notary Public Council (the examinations-and-the code); the notary’s role in the everyday legal life (the citizenship-to-property documents’ chain of trust).
2. Legal Education in Nepal
- The beginnings: the 1950s’ Intermediate-in-Law at the Tri-Chandra campus (the I.L.B. era — the law teaching’s first home); the Nepal Law Campus (the TU faculty’s base: the B.L.-and-LL.B. lineage; the campus’s Ramshah-path institution as the profession’s nursery);
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