Unit 5: Collection, Verification and Examination of Evidence
5.1 Agencies Responsible for the Collection of Evidence
- The police — the criminal investigation’s prime (the scene’s examination, the witnesses’ statements, the exhibits’ collection — the Criminal Procedure Code’s machinery).
- The courts — the trial’s collection (the witness examination, the document production, the commission’s faces).
- The parties-and-counsel — the civil collection (the evidence-with-pleadings; the documents’ lists), the defence’s investigation.
- The forensic institutions — the labs’ collection-and-analysis (the LAW5510 chain: the NFSL, the police lab).
- The government’s-and-regulatory agencies — the specialised investigations (the CIAA’s, the Authority’s, the departments’ evidence).
- The private experts-and-detectives’ faces — the defence’s experts (the admissibility equal; the accreditation’s questions).
5.2 Verification of Evidence and its Effect on the Evidentiary Value
The testing’s machinery: the court’s verification (the cross-examination — the greatest legal engine; the corroboration’s search; the demeanor’s observation); the scientific verification (the re-testing’s rights, the lab’s validation); the documentary verification (the handwriting’s comparison, the originals’ inspection, the forensic document examination). The effect: the verified’s weight (the confidence’s measure); the unverifiable’s discount (the uncorroborated’s caution); the contradicted’s rejection (the credibility’s fall — the falsehood-in-one, falsehood-in-all’s lore).
5.3 Examination of Evidence in Civil Case
5.3.1 Documentary Evidence Examination
(i) Production of documentary evidence — the documents-with-pleadings (the lists; the court’s production); the originals (the best-evidence of U2.2).
(ii) Evidence to be mentioned — the documents’ specification (the pleading’s schedule — the items’ enumeration).
(iii) Request for leave to produce evidence — the court’s permission (the later-found documents; the disclosure’s discipline — the timeline’s rules).
(iv) Return of originals
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