Unit 5: Copyright and Mass Media
5.1 Definition and Creation of Copyright over Creation
The copyright (the Copyright Act 2035’s world (the 2058-amended frame)): the creator’s exclusive rights over the original works (the expression’s protection (the idea-expression’s classic divide (the idea’s free (the expression’s owned)))). The creation’s moment (the exam’s core): the automaticity (the creation’s completion — the copyright’s birth (the no-registration-necessity principle (the Berne’s face))); the originality’s requirement (the author’s-own (the minimum-creativity’s threshold)); the works’ catalogue (the literary (the writing’s world (the news-the-books-the-articles)); the artistic; the musical; the dramatic; the audiovisual; the computer-and-broadcast faces (the neighbouring-rights’ neighbours (the performers’-producers’-and-broadcasters’ rights))).
5.2 Qualifying Requirements for Copyright Protection
- **The originality (the work’s own-ness (the sweat-of-the-brow vs the creativity’s minimum (the standards’ debate))).
- **The fixation (the tangible form (the written-recorded-digitised)); the ideas’ exclusion (the non-copyright (the facts-and-news (the news’s free-flow principle (the media’s core carve-out: the facts-not-owned (the expression-only rule)))).
- **The authorship’s eligibility (the person-and-the-qualification faces (the national-treatment (the Berne-and-TRIPS frames (the LAW5602-U6 companion)))).
- **The term (the protection’s duration (the life-plus-50/70 world (the Act’s term faces (the post-mortem protection (the renewal-era’s history)))).
- **The formalities’ absence (the no-deposit-no-notice principle (the voluntary-registration’s evidentiary-only role (the copyright-registration’s optional record))).
5.3 Ownership of Copyright
The first-ownership (the author (the creator’s first-title principle)). The special-ownership faces:**
- The employment’s face — the employee’s work (the employer’s ownership (the journalism’s core (the staff-journalist’s article: the publisher’s employer-face (the contract’s resolution))); the commission’s face (the commissioned-work’s agreement rule).
- The film-and-sound (the producer’s ownership (the contribution’s complexity (the director’s-and-composer’s rights’ co-existence))).
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